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2021

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03

Explanation of valve knowledge

阀门是流体管路的控制装置,其基本功能是接通或切断管路介质的流通,改变介质的流通,改变介质的流动方向,调节介质的压力和流量,保护管路的设备的正常运行。 工业用的阀门的大量应用是在瓦特发明蒸汽机之后,近二三十年来,由于石油、化工、 电站、冶金、船舶、核能、宇航等方面的需要,对阀门提出更高的要求,促使人们研究和生产高参数的阀门,其工作温度从超低温-269℃到高温1200℃,甚至高3430℃,工作压力从超真空1.33x10-8Mpa(1x10-1 ㎜ Hg)到超高压1460MPa,阀门通径从1mm 到600mm,甚至达到9750mm,阀门的材料从铸铁,碳素钢发展到钛及钛合金,高强度耐腐蚀钢等,阀门的驱动方式从手动发展到电动、气动、液动、程控、数控、遥控等。       随着现代工业的不断发展,阀门需求量不断增长,一个现代化的石油化工装置就需要上万只各式各样的阀门,阀门使用量大。开闭频繁,但往往由于制造、使用选型、维修不当,发生跑、冒、滴、漏现象,由此引起火焰、爆炸、中毒、烫伤事故,或者造成产品质量低劣,能耗提高,设备腐蚀,物耗提高,环境污染,甚至造成停产等事故,已屡见不鲜,因此人们希望获得高质量的阀门,同时也要求提高阀门的使用,维修水平,这时对从事阀门操作人员,维修人员以及工程技术人员,提出新的要求,除了要精心设计、合理选用、正确操作阀门之外,还要及时维护、修理阀门,使阀门的“跑、冒、滴、漏”及各类事故降到最低限度。      阀门的分类:      阀门的用途广泛,种类繁多,分类方法也比较多。总的可分两大类:     第一类自动阀门:依靠介质(液体、气体)本身的能力而自行动作的阀门。如止回阀、安全阀、调节阀、疏水阀、减压阀等。     第二类驱动阀门:借助手动、电动、液动、气动来操纵动作的阀门。如闸阀,截止阀、节流阀、蝶阀、球阀、旋塞阀等。     此外,阀门的分类还有以下几种方法: 一、按结构特征,根据关闭件相对于阀座移动的方向可分: 1. 截门形:关闭件沿着阀座中心移动。 2. 闸门形:关闭件沿着垂直阀座中心移动。 3. 旋塞和球形:关闭件是柱塞或球,围绕本身的中心线旋转。 4. 旋启形;关闭件围绕阀座外的轴旋转。 5. 碟形:关闭件的圆盘,围绕阀座内的轴旋转。 6. 滑阀形:关闭件在垂直于通道的方向滑动。 二、按用途,根据阀门的不同用途可分: 1. 开断用:用来接通或切断管路介质,如截止阀、闸阀、球阀、蝶阀等。 2. 止回用:用来防止介质倒流,如止回阀。 3. 调节用:用来调节介质的压力和流量,如调节阀、减压阀。 4. 分配用:用来改变介质流向、分配介质,如三通旋塞、分配阀、滑阀等。 5. 安全阀:在介质压力超过规定值时,用来排放多余的介质,保证管路系统及设 备安全,如安全阀、事故阀。 6. 他特殊用途:如疏水阀、放空阀、排污阀等。 三、按驱动方式,根据不同的驱动方式可分: 1. 手动:借助手轮、手柄、杠杆或链轮等,有人力驱动,传动较大力矩时,装有 蜗轮、齿轮等减速装置。 2. 电动:借助电机或其他电气装置来驱动。 3. 液动:借助(水、油)来驱动。 4. 气动;借助压缩空气来驱动。 四、按压力,根据阀门的公称压力可分: 1. 真空阀:绝对压力<0.1Mpa 即760mm 汞柱高的阀门,通常用mm 汞柱或mm 水柱表示压力。 2. 低压阀:公称压力PN≤1.6Mpa 的阀门(包括PN≤1.6MPa 的钢阀) 3. 中压阀:公称压力PN2.5—6.4MPa 的阀门。 4. 高压阀:公称压力PN10.0—80.0MPa 的阀门。 5. 超高压阀:公称压力PN≥100.0MPa 的阀门。 五、按介质的温度分,根据阀门工作时的介质温度可分: 1. 普通阀门:适用于介质温度-40℃~425℃的阀门。 2. 高温阀门:适用于介质温度425℃~600℃的阀门。 3. 耐热阀门:适用于介质温度600℃以上的阀门。 4. 低温阀门:适用于介质温度-40℃~ -150℃的阀门。 5. 超低温阀门:适用于介质温度-150℃以下的阀门。 六、按公称通径分,根据阀门的公称通径可分: 1. 小口径阀门:公称通径DN<40mm 的阀门。 2. 中口径阀门:公称通径DN50~300mm 的阀门。 3. 大口径阀门:公称通径DN350~1200mm 的阀门。 4. 特大口径阀门:公称通径DN≥1400mm 的阀门。 七、按与管道连接方式分,根据阀门与管道连接方式可分; 1. 法兰连接阀门:阀体带有法兰,与管道采用法兰连接的阀门。 2. 螺纹连接阀门:阀体带有内螺纹或外螺纹,与管道采用螺纹连接的阀门。 3. 焊接连接阀门:阀体带有焊口,与管道采用焊接连接的阀门。 4. 夹箍连接阀门:阀体上带有夹口,与管道采用夹箍连接的阀门。 5. 卡套连接阀门:采用卡套与管道连接的阀门。

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2021

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03

Methods and Measures of Valve Self-inspection

Countermeasures for Flange Leakage For the leakage problem at the valve flange connection, the following situations need to be analyzed in detail: ① If the gap at the flange is relatively small and the leakage is relatively small, you can directly install the bolt-dedicated additive joint on the removed bolt, tighten the nut, install the injection bolt, and embed the copper wire or packing into the flange In the gap, a new sealed cavity is formed, and then sealant is injected into it. ② If the gap at the flange connection is relatively large, it is necessary to use a convex clamp during processing. The injection hole is designed in the middle of the two flange connection bolts to stagger the position of the bolts. In order to prevent the leakage of the medium, you can also Use compressed air to purge the leaked medium to one side. ③ If there is leakage at the large diameter flange connection, then it is necessary to use local pressure plugging method, fix it with a fixture, and then inject sealant from the local to effectively eliminate the dynamic leakage point. Countermeasures for valve body leakage When there is a problem of valve body leakage, it is necessary to select an appropriate solution according to the pressure of the medium and the leakage. If the pressure of the medium is relatively small and the leakage is relatively small, it is necessary to polish around the leakage point before the leakage problem is further expanded, then send an appropriate taper pin into the leakage point for temporary blocking, and then seal and fix it externally with adhesive, finally, the sealing tape is wrapped around the outside for sealing to form a new sealing structure. If the leakage of the medium pressure is relatively large, and the amount of leakage is relatively large, then in the solution, the need to first weld an inner diameter of the valve body is larger than the leakage point of the nut, so that the medium can flow from the nut, and then with the corresponding plug, screw it into the nut to stop leakage.

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2021

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03

Relationship between valve diameter and medium flow rate

Valve flow and flow rate mainly depends on the diameter of the valve, but also with the structure of the valve on the resistance of the medium, at the same time with the valve pressure, temperature and the concentration of the medium and other factors have a certain intrinsic link. The flow area of the valve is directly related to the flow rate and flow rate, and the flow rate and flow rate are two interdependent quantities. When the flow rate is constant, the flow rate is large, and the flow channel area can be smaller; the flow rate is small, and the flow channel area can be larger. On the contrary, the flow channel area is large, its flow rate is small; the flow channel area is small, its flow rate is large. The flow rate of the medium is large, the valve diameter can be smaller, but the resistance loss is large, and the valve is easily damaged. The flow rate is large, which will produce electrostatic effect on flammable and explosive media, causing danger; the flow rate is too small, the efficiency is low, and it is not economical. For the medium with high viscosity and explosive, the flow rate should be smaller. Oil and liquid viscosity with the size of the viscosity of the choice of flow rate, generally take 0.1~2 m/s. In general, the flow rate is known and the flow rate can be determined empirically. The nominal diameter of the valve can be calculated by the flow rate and flow. The valve diameter is the same, its structure is different, the fluid resistance is not the same. Under the same conditions, the greater the resistance coefficient of the valve, the greater the flow rate of the fluid through the valve, the more the flow rate decreased; the smaller the resistance coefficient of the valve, the less the flow rate of the fluid through the valve, the less the flow rate decreased. predict more knowledge of the valve, can pay attention to the wuhan xietevalve.com valve official website: www.xietevalve.com.

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